I had to help win this fight. In the summer of 1778, the need arose for a Rebel spy network in New York City, the site of the British Armys continental headquarters. It was later decided by Tallmadge and Washington that Woodhull would be given the alias Samuel Culper, and the Culper spy ring was born. Look at the above painting and take a guess as to how much airtime would be needed to explain that boys outfit to a modern-day viewer.) This led to Abraham being disappointed with his father, whose loyalist sympathies set the two of them apart. He was the son of Richard Woodhull, a wealthy judge, and Margaret Smith Woodhull, who did not die when Abraham was young as portrayed in the show, but in fact died in 1803, fifteen years after Richard. Perhaps Sprouts wealthy grandfather has servants churning out breeches for his grandchildren! While there, he had a conversation with two Hessians making sauerkraut at their campfire, and they let him try their food. The tactic was sometimes effective but the information often lacked the detail, accuracy and timeliness that Washington needed. Letter Dear Thomas , As I write this letter you are upstairs in your mother 's arms, sleeping peacefully. By that time Washington and Tallmadge had developed other agents in New York City and the Culper Rings role diminished. The killer was discovered to be loyalist John Robeson, and Rogers decided to use a dead redcoat as a scapegoat while employing Robeson as his eyes and ears in Setauket. Townsend stole and cooked the two brown eggs, serving them to Woodhull when he returned to the inn after nearly leaving the city. Woodhull, in turn, promptly involved Townsend, who reinforced his cover by writing pro-Tory articles for the Royal Gazette. Where your own reasoning forges your path rather than blindly following others. He used the alias Samuel Culper when sending messages and working as a spy. I saw an old friend today. [19] Culper to John Bolton, July 20, 1780, GW Papers, accessed April 20 2014 via http://memory.loc.gov; Rose, Washingtons Spies, 189-192. Captain Thomas Woodhull (1746 - 1773) was a British Army officer who served in the King's Militia, the son of Richard Woodhull and Rebecca Woodhull and the brother of Abraham Woodhull.He was killed while putting down a riot at King's College. Early on, Woodhull had urged General Scott to destroy every letter after reading for fear of some unforeseen accident that may befall you and the letter get into the enemies hands and probably find me out and take me before I have any warning.[9] A month later Tallmadge told Washington that Woodhull used extreme caution and even timidity.[10] Woodhull particularly hated traveling the 50 miles to New York City because every trip put him at risk of questioning and discovery at military checkpoints. [13] The respite was ill-timed; Woodhull missed most of the signs that the British were beginning an offensive to seize control of the Hudson River, and the campaign of 1779 began with Washington unaware of Clintons plans. The TV show TURN took plenty of historical liberties; for instance, there is no evidence of a love affair between Abraham Woodhull and Anna Strong. Abraham was severely troubled by this, and there is no reason to assume his father did not feel likewise. ), American frontier soldier who raised and commanded a militia force, known as Rogerss Rangers, which won wide repute during the French and Indian War (175463). While Im working on a longer post concerning the convoluted chronology of TURNs pilot episode, I thought Id write a short post concerning a (literally) tiny realm of 18th century material culture seen in the show thus far: babies! So interesting. Later that day, Abraham decided to head to King's College to visit the spot where his brother had been killed in a 1773 riot after Woodhull put a Phrygian cap on top of the Liberty Pole there. Woodhull was tortured, being thrown in a cage with patriots; he did not disclose his true loyalties, and he was beaten and hated by the imprisoned patriots. Abraham had Baker reload his gun, but he was convinced to leave the duel with honor. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, Biography: You Need to Know: Rick Thornton. In June, the British had been forced to evacuate Philadelphia after the city became untenable due to vulnerability and stretched supply lines. The house was burned to the ground, and the family moved into Whitehall. Anna remained alone on the family farm during the American Revolution, where she assisted with General Washington's Culper Spy Ring. Introducing the Topic Index page (Just in time for the Season 3Premiere! Woodhull held several important local positions in his later years, including magistrate of Setauket, judge of the Court of Common Pleas and first judge of Suffolk County. Unfortunately, Ensign Baker entered the room with his musket, and he heard the whole conversation. (His very appearance is a bit of a chronological anomaly, but we'll discuss that later.) Now that York City is dark to the rebel army, they need a man who can get inside and gather information. I know not exactly a hugely significant issue in the greater storyline of TURN (and definitely not as big of a sartorial gaffe as, say, the bizarre garb that the Queens Rangers are wearing), but I thought readers might enjoy a small and pleasant domestic diversion while I finish making sense of the premiere episodes Swiss-cheese timeline. The formed an unlikely alliance, and Rogers helped Abraham in covering up Eastin's murder. [11] He held a few minor political appointments, including magistrate in Suffolk County, New York, from 1799 to 1810. . The loss of his cousin deeply affected Woodhull, who was a somewhat introspective, sensitive character, and he secretly hated the British for what he believed was his cousins unnecessarily brutal demise. In AMCs drama TURN: Washingtons Spies, we follow Abraham Woodhull and company as they play a cunning game of deceit and trickery to gather intelligence for the Continental Army in the American War for Independence. Was Abraham Woodhulls father a loyalist? British forces on Manhattan obtained much of their supplies from the farms of Long Island, which meant that Woodhull could travel regularly to New York, ostensibly to sell his goods but really to observe military activities. After the United States gained independence, Woodhull served as a magistrate, as had his father before him, and served as a judge in Suffolk County, New York. Abraham Woodhull (1750 - 1826), a key figure of the Culper Ring, was born into a prosperous family in Setauket, a small agricultural community on the north shore of Long Island, New York. Woodhull continued to report on the location of British ships and troops, but Townsend eventually took note of the fact that Woodhull was writing secret messages on the brown eggs and not white ones. Sensing the volatile mental state of both his top operatives, General Washington decided to halt the operations of the Culper Ring. A Long Island farmer bands together a group of childhood friends to form an unlikely group of spies who turn the tide in America's fight for independence. An ancillary benefit of reading the non-transcribed document, at least with some writers, is the unbelievable penmanship of some. Woodhull refused his father's offer of releasing him from prison if he would stop spying, and he also refused to escape with Caleb Brewster, who had infiltrated New York in David Bushnell's Turtle and disguised himself as a British officer. In the spring of 1780 the strain of spying was wearing on both Woodhull and Townsend, and Tallmadge told Washington that Townsend had become less active, and even Culper Senior grows timid and thinks that intercourse had better be dropped for the present.[18] Washington agreed to shut the Culper Ring down, only to reactivate it in July to gain information that would support operations of another French fleet expected later that summer. October 7, 1750Abraham Woodhull / Date of birth. At one point he neared an encampment of Loyalist soldiers commanded by General William Tryon. In the ensuing encounter, Woodhull was rescued by the redcoats, who killed Cyrus. Once they were several years old, boys and girls would then make the transition to outfits that were miniature versions of mens and womens adult clothing. A Letter From Abraham Woodhull to His Son Thomas View source A Letter From Abraham Woodhull to His Son Thomas is an entry from the Turn: Washington's Spies official site. Woodhull headed to meet with Colonel Cook afterwards and made a good deal to sell Selah Strong's cauliflower to him, and Cook invited him to Major John Andre's dinner party in order to sell some more of his goods. He thus enlisted the aid of Anna Strong, the wife of Selah Strong, a tavern keeper who was jailed aboard a British prison ship when the Culper Ring was formed. But he probably never forgot that day in 1778 when he came very close to being hanged. Woodhull was one of Washington's spies during the revolutionary war. Benjamin Tallmadge, Setaukets highest-ranking military officer, was appointed the master of ceremonies.. He rushed to the dying Baker and cried, having killed his first man. Washington was impressed: His account has the appearance of a very distinct and good one and makes me desirous of a continuance of his correspondence, he wrote. See Todd Andrliks James Rivington: Kings Printer and Patriot Spy? It was Brewsters job to sail across the Sound, retrieve Woodhulls communications from their hiding spot, and return the missives to Tallmadge in Rebel-held Connecticut. [11] Culper to Tallmadge, April 101779, GW Papers, accessed January 26, 2014, via http://memory.loc.gov. He faced a long sentence, but was freed unexpectedly by Major Tallmadge, a fellow Setauket native and childhood friend who had successfully managed to argue for his release. [22] Culper to Tallmadge, June 4, 1781, GW Papers, accessed January 26, 2014 via http://memory.loc.gov. Richard Woodhull He also noted that Howe left New York with most of his army, but he left 200 Hessians in the city, while the city was defended by a dozen 24-pounders and 6 16-pounders at Canal Street. It was in October 1778, when Woodhull toured British-held New York City and its environs, observing Crown military activities. The task fell to his intelligence aide, Major Benjamin Tallmadge, to begin recruiting spies. He is most notable for leading the British side in the Battle of Setauket. Abraham Woodhull, Esq. He was the only surviving son of aging parents, and he stayed on the family farm to attend to his family and their property.[4]. He was later buried is Setauket, next to his wife, Rebecca and his son, Thomas . Woodhull began spying for the Continental Army in late 1778, as part of the Culper Spy Ring. The redcoats informed Woodhull that single persons could no longer travel to New York, stepping up security against patriot infiltrators. The Culper Ring was a successful operation that provided Washington with valuable information on the British Army headquartered in New York from October 1778 to the end of the war. Abraham Woodhull was a farmer in the town of Setauket on Long Island's North Shore. He also never had a son named Thomas; Mary would give birth to two daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, and a son named Jesse. Behind the Scenes Woodhull passed on information that he had learned from his father's meeting with Major Edmund Hewlett to discuss the exoneration of Abraham from his role as a murder suspect; he had found a letter with a coded message that stated that the British under John Graves Simcoe would raid a patriot safehouse in Meigs Harbor, Connecticut. All Rights Reserved. [7] Tallmadge then set up a spy network in New York, with Woodhull as the lead agent. For five days Tallmadge hid in the woods while Woodhull sneaked him food. Woodhull told Anna to raise a black petticoat on her clothing line to signal Tallmadge's courier, and it turned out to be Caleb Brewster. For the first few years of the Revolution, Continental Army leaders preferred to sneak operatives into British territory where they skulked around for a few days, acquired information, and then slipped back out through the lines to report to American commanders. What a fun anecdote thanks for sharing! Woodhull prefaced the information with the admonishment that the intelligence contained news of the greatest consequence perhaps that ever happened to your country.. Captain Thomas Woodhull (1746 - 1773) was a British Army officer who served in the King's Militia, the son of Richard Woodhull and Rebecca Woodhull and the brother of Abraham Woodhull. Another of Tallmadges operatives was Caleb Brewster, a Continental artillery lieutenant and skilled mariner stationed on the Connecticut coast who previously supplied Washington with naval intelligence. His cousin, General Nathaniel Woodhull, So yes, if you were to time-travel back to the era of the American Revolution, you might very well see a young six-year-old boy wearing stays and a gown. Posted on April 8, 2014 Updated on April 9, 2014. What struck me is the summary of the June 1777, I agree, and checked my source before submitting. Setauket Presbyterian Church and Burial Ground, Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring, Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War, "Grave Stones and Epitaphs from the Churchyard", "TCA: AMC Picks Up 'Halt & Catch Fire' & 'Turn' To Series", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Woodhull&oldid=1135483720, Jesse Smith Woodhull, Mary Woodhull, Elizabeth Woodhull, "Samuel Culper" and then "Samuel Culper Sr.", This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 23:13. Abraham Woodhull was born to Richard Woodhull and Rebecca Woodhull (1728-1757). I fight this fight for you. [9][10], Woodhull married his friend Mary Smith in 1781 and had three children with her. He hardly ever spoke of his work as a spy. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Throughout history once the conflict is over, the perceived value of infantrymen and intelligence agents are always called into question. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He was killed while putting down a riot at King's College. Woodhull was mildly supportive of the American cause, and the closest he came to the rebellion was an uneventful two months in his county militia. He used the alias "Samuel Culper" (later "Samuel Culper Sr."), which was a play on Culpeper County, Virginia, and was suggested by George Washington. [22] In the same letter he finally bowed out of the spy business. But there can be no doubt of Woodhulls dedication. After her death in 1806, Woodhull remarried in 1824. Woodhull was unable to talk him out of it, and it took a meeting with Benjamin Tallmadge to convince him to continue spying, with the provision that he would only deliver information to Woodhull verbally. Thanks for pointing this out!! Required fields are marked *. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Death 2 Characters met While in the city, he was able to observe naval strength, troop numbers, and glean potentially important information by eavesdropping on the conversations of British soldiers. The incident struck fear into Townsends heart, as it demonstrated just how easy it was to be captured. Abraham mentions that his son is "almost a year old" as he eggs him on to start walking on his own. A young man who I have known since I was only a few years older than you are now. His efforts as a spy were some of the most successful efforts in American History. General Sir Henry Clinton, the commander of the British armies in Philadelphia, was ordered to leave the city and take his soldiers to New York to bolster defenses against a possible American and French attack. [23] Woodhulls expense report submitted in July was the final curtain on his clandestine service.[24]. And the different writing styles of the Culper agents becomes apparant after reading a lot of the correspondence. He began providing information to the British in 1779, and started a correspondence with Major John Andre, the head of British intelligence. Gen. Charles Scott, added their own comments and couriers then sped the messages to Washington at Continental Army headquarters in New Jersey. In July 1778 Woodhull paid for his daring when a Continental naval patrol intercepted his boat and Rebel authorities threw him into a Connecticut jail. While this piece underscores some of the glaring inaccuracies of the TV series TURN, it also highlights the intrigue and anxiety spies like Woodhull must have experienced day to day. Failure was not an option. Abraham was forced to fire, shooting him in the stomach. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Poster: Abraham Lincoln, With His Son Tad (Thomas) Leaning On A Table, 1865 at the best online prices at eBay! While Hewlett acknowledged Woodhull's excuse that he was in prison, he told Woodhull that he would send the report to Major John Andre in Philadelphia. So little Thomas Sprout Woodhull appears to be quite the little hipster baby wearing breeches before they were cool. His father was a judge, and he was a cousin of Nathaniel Woodhull, leader of a New York Patriot . However, Judge Woodhull decided to inform Major Hewlett that Woodhull had been spying for the patriots, as Woodhull's suspicions had increasingly grown over time. By the end of October he recruited his brother-in-law Amos Underhill, owner of a Manhattan boarding house, to gather information from his British Army lodgers. Historians believe that he and his co-conspirators probably uncovered Benedict Arnolds treason, and the information that led to arrest of British Major John Andre. In 1781, Woodhull married Mary Smith. In the spring of 1777, Woodhull trysted with Anna at her barn, and he told her that he could not stay there long. ; on back: Old Abraham Woodhull home Seatuket. Moments later he realized that the intruders were his nieces, playing a game to surprise their uncle, and successfully so. The British had been aware of the planned French attack for over a month, thanks to the treason of the infamous General Benedict Arnold himself. [2] Alexander Rose, Washingtons Spies: the Story of Americas first Spy Ring (New York: Bantam Dell, 2006), 74, 84-87. [24] Culper to Tallmadge, July 5, 1783, GW Papers, accessed April 27 2014 via http://memory.loc.gov. They did, however, take plenty of liberties with the historical facts, but on the whole, the show presents the major activities and accomplishments of the Culper Ring in a reasonably accurate manner. Colonel John Graves Simcoe, commander of the Loyalist Queens American Rangers, promptly launched a raid to grab the spy. More on the way soon! Except what he should be wearing at that tender age is a gown. During the American Revolution, Abraham Woodhull became a member of the Culper Spy Ring, which provided intelligence to .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}George Washington to assist the Patriots war effort. Then he wrote down his observations and hid them at a secluded cove near Setauket. In this case, I could understand the rationale behind breeching little Thomas several years early in TURN. The show also portrays Richard Woodhull as a devoted Tory, who grows ever suspicious of his sons behavior, but in reality, he was more supportive of the Patriots, and circumstantial evidence supports this. Woodhull began spying for the. I know versions of his diary exist elsewhere, but the war time entries can be found, Thank you for sharing that, Adam. His wife knew that he was only saying this so that he could continue spying in New York, so she decided to intervene, and Major Hewlett settled the argument by granting Woodhull an armed escort into the city at all times. In addition, Abrahams cousin, Nathaniel Woodhull, a general in the Continental Army, had perished in the Battle of Long Island in 1776. Tallmadge wrote Washington on October 11, 1780 that Arnold knew not a single link in the chain of my correspondence, but that the Culper operatives were too apprehensive of danger to give their immediate usual intelligence.[20] Woodhull and Townsend laid low but returned to providing information. Woodhull decided to have Baker as his second for the duel, and he met Simcoe on a small patch of land at a creek. Nicholas was the son of one of the earliest settlers in the area of Eden (Bar Harbor), Maine, John Thomas III, and his wife, Elizabeth Peck. type. Tallmadge and his commander, Brig. That would include both Woodhull as "Culper Sr." and Robert Townsend, who used the alias "Samuel Culper Jr."[14]. His fears were eased when Woodhull sent him a report in November 1778 that provided almost exact figures of British troop strength in New York. Abraham negotiated that his father could sell his hogs for 7 pounds each, saying that Cook could make an extra profit by giving the quartermaster the required 20 hogs and some more hogs to other merchants, which would benefit Cook. His role in the ambush led to him being involved in the revolutioanry cause, although he only did it because Simcoe had been harassing Anna Strong while was quartered at her house. Where you can stand on your own two feet. Woodhull and the Culper Ring continued spying until the war's official end in 1783, although it appears they did not gather much useful intelligence during their final years. He was killed by a Queen's Ranger during an exchange trading himself and Abe for Caleb Brewster. Abraham Woodhull was born on October 7th 1750 in Setauket, New York, on Long Island. Abraham Woodhull/Parents Background. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. [7] Tallmadge added two couriers to the operation to speed the reports from New York City to Setauket. Washington was annoyed; Woodhull had always made a fuss about payment during the war, but Washington saw fit to reward him for his invaluable service. For the first few years of a childs life in the late 18th century, regardless of gender, he or she would wear a gown, a loose-fitting garment that could be tied, pinned, or buttoned shut. For more information, I highly recommend reading Linda Baumgartens primer on colonial childrens clothing (the source of the above quote). http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-monmouth.htm, https://spycurious.wordpress.com/2015/04/27/lieutenant-colonel-richard-hewlett-the-loyal-est-loyalist/, http://www.longislandsurnames.com/getperson.php?personID=I0519&tree=Woodhull, https://allthingsliberty.com/2014/05/abraham-woodhull-the-spy-named-samuel-culper/. Abraham's own family is also quite fictionalized in the show; he was unmarried during most of the war, and did not wed Mary Smith until 1781. In October 1778, he began making trips to New York every few weeks with the excuse that he was on business or visiting his sister. Abraham told Anna that he was fighting for freedom and confronted her about their true beliefs, and she told him that she wanted her husband. To protect their identities Tallmadge assigned aliases for their correspondence; Tallmadge went by John Bolton and Woodhull used the name Samuel Culper. It was the beginning of what became known as the Culper Ring., Woodhull was good at the espionage business. Are there transcriptions at any other accessible digital websites? [6] Culper to Tallmadge, February 26, 1779, GW Papers, accessed January 26, 2014, via http://memory.loc.gov. (LogOut/ Bantam, 2014. Little Thomas Woodhull, whom Abraham fondly calls Sprout, steals the spotlight at the beginning and end of the TURN pilot episode. Linda Baumgarten of Colonial Williamsburg writes: The time when a little boy went from skirts to pants, which was called, breeching, occurred anytime from age three to seven and was symbolic of his first step toward becoming a little man.'. Description: The old Abraham Woodhull House at Setauket. network. Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Abraham Woodhull, Birth Year: 1750, Birth date: October 7, 1750, Birth State: New York, Birth City: Setauket, Birth Country: United States. In 1778, he was . Im sure you know that the value of intelligence is often intangible, and therefore not always apparant until viewed with the benefit of hindsight. [20] Tallmadge to Washington, October 11, 1780, GW Papers, accessed April 24, 2014 via. ), Spy Chat in Fairfield: Revolutionary Spies in CT (Featuring Caleb Brewster and the WhaleboatWars), New Scholarly Roundtable on Historical Accuracy vs. Truth inTURN. I am wondering, however, about the timing of Mr. Woodhull and Strong must accomplish this right underneath the noses of the British soldiers occupying their hometown, as well as Woodhulls Loyalist father. [4] He was motivated by the murder of his cousin Brigadier General Nathaniel Woodhull of the New York militia, who was wounded by sword and bayonet cuts after he had been captured on August 29, 1776. He attempted to stay out of the war, and he smuggled cabbage for his family after their harvest in the autumn of 1776 proved to be insufficient due to maggots eating up his crops. http://allthingsliberty.com/2014/03/james-rivington-kings-printer-patriot-spy/. The intelligence would then be retrieved by a certain boatman named Caleb Brewster, who was a lieutenant in the Continental Army. One day, Ensign Baker told Abraham's wife Mary about the time when he caught Abraham and Anna having sex on the table of Abraham's house after Anna informed him of her former slave's willingness to spy on Major John Andre for them while sent to him after the Dunmore Proclamation (which effectively made American slaves into British soldiers for the men, or British servants for the women and children). Local orchard owner Lucas Brewster was blamed for the poisoning, and he was arrested. Woodhull's father helped him in getting his way out of the case, and Woodhull and ranger captain Robert Rogers both investigated the murder. However, because his friend Selah Strong was imprisoned after getting into a fight with British officer Charles Joyce with Woodhull in attendance, Woodhull was one of the suspects in Joyce's murder when he turned up dead with his throat slit in Lewis Field, as was Anna Strong, Selah's wife and Woodhull's former fiancee. Woodhull was probably preparing to make careful mental notes of Tryons camp when he unluckily stumbled upon a group of soldiers who immediately detained him and demanded to know why he was wandering around. His parents were Judge Richard Woodhull and Mary Woodhull (ne Smith). That he has gone so far beyond his promise makes me rather uneasy on his account.[17] And the ever-frugal general often testily reminded his spies not to waste the expensive disappearing ink and to find ways to communicate their intelligence faster. Thomas Sprout Woodhull (died August 24, 1814) was the son of Culper Ring spy and farmer Abraham Woodhull. Highwaymen on the road near the town of Huntington robbed him of all of his money in early April 1779, and Woodhull told Tallmadge that he felt a life of anxiety to be within . He returned to Setauket to care for his parents and sister. Woodhulls marriage to Mary Smith in November may have reinforced his decision; as a family man, he had more to lose than his own life. Eventually, Rogers lured out the killer by playing the retreat signal on the drums, which is what the killer used to signal Joyce to have a tryst with them, as revealed in a letter that Anna Strong had found in Joyce's belongings in his room in her house. Woodhull gave reports to the Continentals from inside the city, noting that Howe's flagship HMSEagle and other Royal Navy ships remained in the harbor as British troop numbers decreased, and when he entered Robert Townsend's boarding inn for some breakfast, Woodhull took note of the people feeling on edge, saying that an assault by 5,000 men could probably take the city. But while their passion is thick, their numbers are overshadowed by the fastest and largest navy in the world. Granted, this particular anachronism is a small detail that is (like little Thomas baby couture) not hugely integral to the larger storyline of TURN. He recruited Woodhull, a native of Tallmadge's hometown of Setauket, Long Island, New York. Makes me feel resentful, though, at our Long Island schools. Tallmadge then sent the information to General George Washington.
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